Guide to Elevator Safety Materials and Maintenance

In modern urban life, escalators have become indispensable vertical transportation tools, widely used in public spaces such as shopping malls, subway stations, and airports. Millions of people rely on escalators daily, supported by what might appear to be ordinary steps. These steps not only bear passenger weight but are also crucial for ensuring safety and comfort during every journey. Therefore, a thorough understanding of escalator steps—their structure, design, materials, manufacturing, installation, maintenance, and safety standards—is essential for guaranteeing reliable escalator operation and enhancing passenger experience.

Escalator steps, also known as treads, are the core components that carry passengers and enable vertical transportation in escalators. Connected by step chains, they form a continuously moving platform that effortlessly transports people between floors. The design of these steps is critical—it must adhere to ergonomic principles while ensuring passenger safety. Irregular or poorly designed steps can damage escalator side panels or potentially cause accidents like tripping or clothing entrapment.

Escalator steps refer to the stair-like components that carry passengers, typically featuring anti-slip surfaces for safety. Connected by chains, these steps move in a continuous loop to transport passengers vertically.

• Passenger Support: The main function is to bear passenger weight while providing a stable standing surface.
• Vertical Transportation: Through continuous motion, steps transport passengers between different levels.
• Safety Assurance: Step design must comply with safety standards to prevent slips, trips, or other accidents.
• Comfort: Ergonomically designed steps ensure a comfortable standing experience.

A standard escalator step consists of several essential parts:

The top surface where passengers stand, typically featuring raised patterns or anti-slip strips for increased friction. Key considerations include:

• Materials: Usually aluminum alloy or stainless steel for durability and corrosion resistance
• Anti-slip Design: Patterns must account for water drainage
• Dimensions: Sized according to escalator width and passenger volume
• Edge Treatment: Chamfered edges prevent tripping hazards

The vertical front portion connecting the tread to the step's base structure:

• Materials: Typically matches the tread material
• Shape: Slightly curved for structural strength
• Height: Complies with safety standards

The rear wheel that rolls along lower guide rails:

• Materials: Wear-resistant rubber or polyurethane
• Bearings: Reduce friction for efficient operation
• Maintenance: Requires regular lubrication

The front wheel connecting to drive mechanisms:

• Materials: High-strength steel
• Tooth Profile: Matches step chain links
• Heat Treatment: Enhances hardness and durability

The connection point for step chains:

• Materials: High-strength steel
• Inspection: Requires regular checks for integrity

Many jurisdictions mandate yellow safety borders along step edges to demarcate safe standing areas.

The number of steps in an escalator depends on:

• Incline angle (typically 30°-35°)
• Vertical rise height
• Number of horizontal steps at landings

Standard calculation formula for 35° incline with 2 horizontal steps:

Steps = (3.4867 × Rise Height + 7024) / 400 + 0.5 (rounded)

Steps are interconnected by chains connected to:

• Top-mounted electric motor
• Gear reduction system
• Drive chains and sprockets

Landing areas feature comb plates with metal teeth to prevent shoe or clothing entrapment.

Step prices typically range $100-$200 per unit, varying by:

• Material selection
• Load capacity
• Tread design complexity

Recommended procedures:

1. Remove loose debris with stiff brush
2. Apply non-corrosive cleaning solution
3. Allow 20-30 minute dwell time
4. Scrub thoroughly
5. Clean handrails simultaneously

Key regulations include:

• GB 16899-2011 (China)
• EN 115-1:2017 (Europe)
• ASME A17.1-2019 (USA)

Emerging trends:

• Advanced Materials: Carbon fiber composites
• Smart Features: Self-cleaning surfaces, wear sensors
• Eco-Designs: Energy-efficient drives, recyclable materials

Escalator steps represent a critical yet often overlooked component of urban infrastructure. Their continuous technological evolution promises enhanced safety, efficiency, and sustainability in vertical transportation systems worldwide.